Interface Electronics

Interface electronics deals with data converters. Data converters are very interesting electronic systems combining digital, analog electronics and signal processing.
  • System perspective: Microcontrollers, FPGAs and ADC, DAC
  • ADC, DAC support circuits
  • ADC, DAC circuit architecture
  • ADC, DAC simulation, test and measurement
7.10.2024

1. Introduction
  • Analog versus digital, data converter systems
  • Data converter metrics:
    • N, Vref, Vfs, Vmax, LSB
Reading: CMOS: Circuit Design, Layout and Simulation, Baker, Chap.28, p.932-940
📹 Video Introduction 7.10.2020
7.10.2024

2. LTSPICE
  • Installation and Operation
  • Behavioral models of AD converters and DA converters
Reading: CMOS: Circuit Design, Layout and Simulation, Baker, Chap1, p.8-29
📹 Video LTSPICE 12.10.2020



9.10.2024

3. Static errors and measurement
  • INL, DNL, offset, gain error
  • INL, DNL example
  • INL, DNL histogram testing
Reading: CMOS: Circuit Design, Layout and Simulation, Baker, Chap.28, p.932-964
📹 Video INL and DNL 14.10.2020
14.10.2024

4. Spectral Test
  • Quantization Error
  • Dynamic characteristic: spectrum analysis
    • Sampling
    • Aliasing
    • FFT, SNDR
Simulation of INL, DNL and spectrum analysis

Reading: CMOS: Circuit Design, Layout and Simulation, Baker, Chap.28, p.953-957
📹 Laboratory 21.10.2020 Web report and ADC DAC simulation
📹 Lecture 23.10.2020 Spectral test

21.10.2024

5. DAC architecture

  • R string
  • Charge Scaling
  • Interpolating, segmented and split array architectures.
  • R2R and C2C architectures
Laboratory 1

Reading: CMOS: Circuit Design, Layout and Simulation, Baker, Chap.29, p.965-984
📹 Lecture 26.10.2020 DAC architectures

28.10.2024

6. Errors in Practical Realization
  • Systematic Errors
  • Statistical Errors and Mismatch
  • Impact on INL and DNL
  • DAC Calibration
Laboratory 2

Reading:
Link:
📹 Lecture 28.10.2020 DAC errors


4.11.2024

7. DAC practical considerations

  • Settling time
  • Spurios signal coupling
  • Timing error
  • Reconstruction filter
  • Implementation Examples
Laboratory 3

Link:
📹 Lecture 2.11.2020 DAC practical considerations

11.11.2024

8. Analog to digital converters (ADC)


Sampling and Jitter
  • Sampling: Resistance, capacitance, jitter
  • Single slope and dual slope ADC
Laboratory 4

Reading:
📹 Lecture 4.11.2020 ADC Architectures, sampling, jitter


18.11.2024

9. Basic ADC Architectures

 Laboratory 5

Reading: CMOS: Circuit Design, Layout and Simulation, Baker, Chap 29, p.985-1007
📹 Lecture 25.11.2020 Flash and SAR ADC

25.11.2024

10. Pipeline ADC start
  • Building blocks and simulation of a pipeline AD converter.
Laboratory 6

Reading:
CMOS: Circuit Design, Layout and Simulation, Baker, Chap 29, p.994-998
CMOS Analog Circuit Design, Allen, Holberg, Chap 10, p.612-729
📹 Video Pipeline ADC 16.12.2020


2.12.2024

11. Pipeline ADC details


Laboratory 7

Reading:
9.12.2024

12. Oversampling ADC

 Sigma delta ADC, PWM
  • Passive 1st order sigma delta ADC
    Simulation example
  • Active first order sigma delta ADC with decimation filter
  • Active second order sigma delta ADC with decimation filter
Laboratory 8

Reading:
📹 Lecture 1.12.2020 Sigma Delta ADC

16.12.2024

13. Advanced sigma delta ADC
Sigma delta ADC, PWM
  • MASH 2-1 sigma delta ADC with Decimation filter
Laboratory 9

Reading:
📹 Lecture 9.12.2020 Advanced Sigma Delta ADC

\( FOM = \frac {Power}{f_{sample} \cdot 2^{NBit}} \)
13.1.2025, 20.01.2025

14. Summary and Outlook

  • Figure of Merit for ADCs
  • Noise in data converters
  • Interfaces
Laboratory 11
Laboratory 12 and Summary

Reading:

Laboratory 2024


Students will do their reports as 1 page IEEE report.
There is a summary picture at the top as teaser, a title, date, author, institution and a very short precise summary of the results.
Starting with the abstract the 2 column report has an introduction, measurements, results and refeerences with numbered figures and tables like in the template.
On the second page is a picture and text concerning the background of the author.
Word example report
Students will do their reports as Internet web sites.
Making of a web report

A basic setup of files are provided here as an zip file (39 MB).

  1. Guided laboratory 1,2: LTSPICE and data converters
  2. Laboratory 3: Simulating an ADC DAC test setup
    Internet Copyright Form
    3. Word example report
  3. Laboratory 4: Setting up the Arduino MKR WIFI 1010
    * Building and measuring a R2R DAC
    Link:
    📹 Lecture 18.11.2020 Laboratory review

    Optimize the setup for 1 channel DAC, ADC: (1) Maximum speed, (2) maximum resolution, (3) maximum performance (speed, resolution)
    Provide changes in program and/or changes in hardware.
    Provide evidence with measurements: Offset error, gain error, ramp INL and DNL, FFT SNR, SDR, INL and DNL
    Document your results.
GroupIdentifierGroupIdentifier
A**89, BF B**38, TM
**02, YO**41, MA
**95, BB**54, NA
**00, SS**67, AB
**12, BP**06, YT
**25, MM**10, RM
**48, SK**44, AM
**18, AA**71, HQ
**62, RM**09, KM
**34, AM**xx, DS
**47, DA**59, SL
**70, RR
Nr Date Group Date GroupRaum
01 14.10.2024 Mo 8:00 A 16.10.2024 Wed 14:00 BT314
02 21.10.2024 Mo 8:00 A 21.10.2024 Mo 15:45 BT314
03 28.10.2024 Mo 8:00 B 28.10.2024 Mo 15:45 AT314
04 4.11.2024 Mo 8:00 A 4.11.2024 Mo 15:45 BT314
05 11.11.2024 Mo 8:00 B 11.11.2024 Mo 15:45 AT314
06 18.11.2024 Mo 8:00 A 18.11.2024 Mo 15:45 BT314
07 25.11.2024 Mo 8:00 B 25.11.2024 Mo 15:45 AT314
08 02.12.2024 Mo 8:00 A 2.12.2024 Mo 15:45 BT314
09 9.12.2024 Mo 8:00 B 9.12.2024 Mo 15:45 AT314
10 16.12.2024 Mo 8:00 A 16.12.2024 Mo 15:45 BT314
11 13. 1.2025 Mo 8:00 B 13. 1.2025 Mo 15:45 AT314
12 20. 1.2025 Mo 8:00 A 20. 1.2025 Mo 15:45 BT314

Laboratories:


  1. 2012:
    Using LTSPICE and FFT for data converter analysis
    Create a 3-Bit Digital to Analog parallel charge scaling converter with LTSPICE.
    Design and simulate a sigma delta analog to digital converter
  2. 2013:
    1. Build a DAC
    2. Build a pipelined ADC and measure performance
  3. 2014:
    A charge coupling DAC
    Build a pipelined ADC and measure performance
  4. 2015:
    Building a successive approximation (SAR) ADC
  5. 2016:
    Building and measuring a sigma delta ADC
  6. 2017:
    Build a C2C DAC for a successive approximation (SAR) ADC
  7. 2018:
    1. Laboratory 1: Research: State of the art literature
    2. Laboratory 2: Research: State of the art commercial devices
    3. Laboratory 3: DA Converter SPICE model INL and DNL
    4. Laboratory 4: Measuring a R2R DAC
  8. 2020,2021:
    Investigation of ADC and DAC realized with Arduino MKR WIFI 1010
  9. 2022: ADC Precision Lab Investigations
    TI Precision Labs: ADCs
  10. 2023: ADC and DAC Investigations with Arduino MKR WIFI 1010
    Laboratory 4: Arduino MKR Wifi 1010 and DAC and ADC

Laboratory 2019


Students will do their reports as Internet web sites.
Making of a web report

A basic setup of files are provided here as an zip file (39 MB).

  1. Guided laboratory 1,2: Webpage report, LTSPICE and data converters
  2. Laboratory 3: Simulating an ADC DAC test setup
  3. Laboratory 4: Simulating and measuring an R2R DAC
  4. Laboratory 05: A pipeline ADC
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Lab03
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Lab04 		xxx640, R M00 Lab01
Lab02
Lab03
Lab04
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xxx848, S B00 Lab03
Lab04 		xxx639, R H00 Lab01,2
Lab03
Lab04 		xxx, N00
xxx851, C B01 xxx426, W H01 xxx, N01
xxx136, H C00 Lab03
Lab04 		xxx600, K J00 Lab03
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xxx742, K C01 xxx419, L J01 xxx, O01
xxx963, M D00 Lab03
Lab04 		xxx936, S L00 Lab03
Lab04 		xxx085, G P00 Lab03
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Excercise:


Interface Electronics Problems

Overview of Practical Laboratories and Tools:


  1. Intro: ADC simulation of INL, DNL and spectrum analysis

  2. DAC simulation: DA Converter SPICE model INL and DNL

    Read LTSPICE raw file for data converter analysis.

    JavaScript ADC FFT histogram data analysis application with calibration

  3. DAC measurement: Measuring a 10-Bit C2C DA converter

    Digital signal generator

    Read oscilloscope data

  4. ADC simulation: Sigma Delta ADC simulation example

  5. Building a SAR, pipeline and sigma delta ADC
    Building a successive approximation (SAR) ADC
    Build a pipelined ADC and measure performance
    Building and measuring a sigma delta ADC

Duration: 22:23 min
Presentation of the Online Data Converter Framework


References:

[1] Data Conversion Handbook (Analog Devices), Walter Kester PDF Documents
[2] CMOS: Circuit Design, Layout, and Simulation, Revised Second Edition, R. Jacob Baker, Wiley, ISBN 978-0-470-22941-5, Revised 2nd Edition, 2008
[3] CMOS: Mixed-Signal Circuit Design, Second Edition, Baker, Wiley 2009
www.cmosedu.com
[4] EE247 Analog-Digital Interface Integrated Circuits, Haideh Khorramabadi
Course Description and Material
[5] EE315B - VLSI Data Conversion Circuits, Murmann, Stanford
Murmann Web Page
[6] P. E. Allen, D.R. Holberg, CMOS Analog IC Design, https://aicdesign.org/2016-short-course-notes-2/
[7] IEEE Standard 1241
IEEE Std 1241
[8] Data Converters, Franco Maloberti
Data Converters, Springer
[9] ECE 627 - Oversampled Delta-Sigma Data Converters, Oregon State University, Gabor C. Temes, Data Converters,
Exams available
[10] Analog-to-Digital Conversion, M. Pelgrom, second ed,. Springer,2013(optional)
[11] Bezhad Razavi,
215D, Spring, Data converter problems
UCLA pipelined ADC Simulator UPAS